Inthe strict sense, only those evils are punishments which are inflictedby the lawgiver against the will of the offender as a vindication ofjustice violated by the personal offense of the latter. Thus, theManicheans called themselves followers and disciples of Christ, buttheir teaching on God contains more errors than does the doctrine ofmany pagans. Such persons are subject to ecclesiastical laws, evenwhen actually they are unable to reason on account of temporaryintoxication, delirium, derangement, unconsciousness, etc. , 120), which manifests itself in aversion,bashfulness, shame, dismay, alarm, horror, etc.
Examples: Criminals or enemies of the State are not to be assisted intheir wrongdoing, but one may attempt to bring them to better conduct , 357), In otherdivine laws, he can interpret or declare, but he cannot dispense. 18), and to theirsubjects by Oriental despots (I Kings, viii), were unjust, because theformer discriminated against the Israelites, and the latter bore downtoo heavily on all the people. In such a case the law does not cease, for it stillremains useful.
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